A malfunction in a systems (the cause) will generate one or more manifestations (the effects). The reasoner is an algorithm that uses the many-to-many relationship between causes and effects (as captured in a TEAMS model) to identify the root cause(s) that best fits the observed effects. If the observed effects are not sufficient to pinpoint the root cause, the reasoner can identify the troubleshooting steps required to gather additional information and identify the root cause. This process of identifying what’s wrong in the system is very similar to what your smartest experts will use to troubleshoot complex problems.